Prise en charge des lithiases submandibulaires bilatérales au service de stomatologie et chirurgie maxillo-faciale du CHU de Treichville à propos d'un cas management / Bilateral submandibular lithiasis in the department of stomatology and maxillofacial surgery at Treichville University Hospital: A Case Report

Introduction : La lithiase est la plus courante des affections salivaires chez l'adulte. Elle touche principalement la glande submandibulaire. L'atteinte isolée d'une glande est habituelle. Cependant, la lithiase simultanée des deux glandes submandibulaires est moins fréquente. L'objectif était de décrire à partir de l'observation d'un cas, les caractéristiques physiopathologiques, diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de la lithiase submandibulaire bilatérale. Observation : Une patiente de 53 ans, commerçante a consulté en Mars 2022 au Service de Stomatologie et Chirurgie Maxillo-faciale du CHU de Treichville pour une tuméfaction submandibulaire bilatérale. Cette tuméfaction évoluait depuis un an et augmentait de volume au cours des repas. Les antécédents familiaux ont mis en évidence une lithiase submandibulaire bilatérale chez une tante. L'examen clinique a retrouvé une tumeur submandibulaire droite et gauche. L'échographie submandibulaire était en faveur d'une lithiase submandibulaire bilatérale. Une submandibulectomie bilatérale a été réalisée. Aucune complication post opératoire n'a été observée et la patiente est sortie de l'hôpital après deux jours d'hospitalisation. Discussion : Les antécédents familiaux de sialolithiase suggèrent la recherche d'une origine génétique ou familiale de la lithiase bilatérale des glandes submandibulaires, s'il n'existe pas une étiologie évidente ou probable. Conclusion : La lithiase submandibulaire bilatérale est un fait clinique rare mais qu'il faut savoir rechercher même en cas de lithiase submandibulaire isolée.

Introduction: Lithiasis is the most common salivary disease in adults. It mainly affects the submandibular gland. Isolated involvement of one gland is common. However, simultaneous lithiasis of both submandibular glands is less frequent. The objective was to describe, from the observation of a case, the physio-pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of bilateral submandibular lithiasis. Observation: A shopkeeper of 53 years old, consulted a doctor for bilateral submandibular swelling in March 2022 at the Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery at Treichville University Hospital. That swelling has been developing for a year. The family history revealed bilateral submandibular lithiasis in an aunt. Clinical examination showed a right and left submandibular tumor that gained volume during meals. The submandibular ultrasound showed bilateral submandibular lithiasis. A bilateral sub-mandibulectomy was performed. No postoperative complications were observed, and the patient was discharged after a two-day hospital stay. Discussion: In the absence of an obvious or probable etiology, a family history of sialolithiasis suggests a genetic or familial origin for bilateral submandibular gland lithiasis. Conclusion: Bilateral submandibular lithiasis is a rare clinical finding but should be investigated even in cases of isolated submandibular lithiasis

Phytochemical Analysis and In-vitro Antioxidant Activities of Some Selected Higher Fungi from Oyo State, South West of Nigeria

Higher-fungi (Hf) of the polypore mushrooms are considered to have unique secondary metabolites, making them reservoirs of therapeutically significant bioactive compounds. Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the Hf were accessed in this study. Four Hf, which were found in several wild locations in Oyo state, Nigeria, were collected. At the University of Ibadan Botany Department Laboratory, the species of the four Hf were determined. In-vitro antioxidant activity were assessed using the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) assays using methanol extracts of air-dried and powdered Hf. Results were presented as Mean SEM, graphs were created in Excel, one-way ANOVA was used for the analysis, and p ?0.05 was regarded as significant. These Hf were identified as Lycoperdon rimlatum (Lr) FFUI1, Trametes versicolor (Tv) FFUI2, Ganoderma lucidum (Gl) FFUI3, and Daedelia quarcina (Dq) FFUI4 and were recorded on the NCBI with accession numbers EU833664.1, JQ621899, JQ520179.1 and KP171209.1, respectively. All the Hf showed positive tests for the presence of saponin, tannin, alkaloid, terpenoid, carbohydrate,tannin and flavonoids. The Hf showed antioxidant activities, the highest DPPH inhibition was by Tv (94.48%), FRAP was by Gl (0.16 mg/g) and H2O2 inhibition was by Lr (70.90%). The antioxidant activities observed were due to the presence of useful phytochemicals making them therapeutically significant.

Role of Nitric Oxide and Endogenous Antioxidants in Thyroxine Facilitated Healing of Ischemia-Reperfusion Induced Gastric Ulcers

Background: Studies have revealed the role of thyroxine during healing of gastric ulcers with information lacking on the mechanism involved hence the focus of this study.Materials and Methods: Adult male Wistar rats (150 ­ 200g) were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=5 per group): Normal control (NC), Sham ulcerated (SU), Thyroidectomised ulcerated untreated (ThU) and Thyroidectomised ulcerated + Levo-thyroxine (100µg/kg/day) (ThU + T4). Animals were stabilised for 35 days following thyroidectomy and treated accordingly to experimental groupings. Weekly body weight changes were recorded, gastric ulcer was induced by ischemia-reperfusion and gastric acid secretion evaluated. They were sacrificed 1 hour, 3 and 7 days post ulcer induction, blood samples collected for haematological indices through cardiac puncture and their stomachs prepared for gross and microscopic examinations to assess gastric healing. Gastric tissue protein, malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), and Nitric oxide (NO) were assessed as biomarkers of healing. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA and Student's t test with p< 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Thyroxine treated rats showed significant weight loss compared with NC and ThU groups. Percentage healing rate was significantly increased in thyroxine treated group compared with ThU animals by 1 hour (42.45% and -42.81%), days 3 (35.14% and -59.36%), and 7 (64.29% and -115.7%).Hematological indices significantly increased in thyroxine treated group compared with other groups. Thyroxine treatment significantly reduced Neutrophil/Lymphocyte; Platelet/NO as well as lipid peroxidation index in this study.Superoxide dismutase, CAT and NO increased significantly in thyroxine treated rats compared with other groups.Conclusion: Thyroxine treatment facilitates the healing of ischeamic-reperfused gastric ulcers possibly by increasing NO activity which in turn causes increased vasodilatation and enhanced endogenous antioxidants at the ulcer sites

Apport de l'echographie mode B dans le diagnostic de decollement de la retine

Objectifs Preciser les aspects epidemiocliniques puis repertorier les aspects echographiques des decollements retiniens. Patients et methode. 65 patients ont beneficie d'une echographie oculaire avec une sonde lineaire de haute frequence de 12 Mhz sur une duree 18 mois. Resultats. La moyenne d'age etait de 26 ans avec des extremes de2 et90 ans et une predominance masculine (46 hommes pour 19 femmes); soit un sexe ratio de 2 hommes pour une femme. Les motifs de consultation etaient domines par le traumatisme et la cataracte. L'echographie a revele 37 decollements retiniens (DR) de l'oil droit avec 25 decollements totaux et 12 decollements partiels. Par contre 38 DR etaient localises au niveau de l'oil gauche (27 total et 11 partiel). 64;62 de patients presentaient un decollement retinien total et 27;69 pour decollement retinien partiel. Les pathologies associees au decollement etaient dominee par la cataracte et l'hemorragie intra-vitreenne. Conclusion. L'echographie oculaire est un examen essentiel dans le diagnostic du decollement retinien. C'est un examen simple a realiser permettant de deceler les pathologies associees

Apport de l'echographie mode B dans le diagnostic de decollement de la retine

Objectifs Preciser les aspects epidemiocliniques puis repertorier les aspects echographiques des decollements retiniens. Patients et methode. 65 patients ont beneficie d'une echographie oculaire avec une sonde lineaire de haute frequence de 12 Mhz sur une dure 18 mois.Resultats. La moyenne d'age etait de 26 ans avec des extremes de 2 et 90 ans et une predominance masculine (46 hommes pour 19 femmes); soit un sexe ratio de 2 hommes pour une femme. Les motifs de consultation etaient domines par le traumatisme et la cataracte. L'echographie a revele 37 decollements retiniens (DR) de l'oil droit avec 25 decollements totaux et 12 decollements partiels. Par contre 38 DR etaient localises au niveau de l'oil gauche (27 total et 11 partiel). 64;62% de patients presentaient un decollement retinien total et 27;69% pour decollement retinien partiel. Les pathologies associees au decollement etaient dominee par la cataracte et l'hemorragie intra-vitreenne. Conclusion. L'echographie oculaire est un examen essentiel dans le diagnostic du decollement retinien. C'est un examen simple a realiser permettant de deceler les pathologies associees

Early experience with outpatient tube drainage for management of pleural collections

BACKGROUND: Increasing cases of pleural effusion leads to pressure on bed spaces and a stretch of the limited facilities available for intervention in our centre. This therefore prompted a search for acceptable alternative way of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of ambulatory drainage system for chronic infectious and malignant pleural effusion on outpatient basis. METHODS: Eight of 113 routinely performed closed tube thoracostomies drainage were converted to ambulatory drainage system at the time of patients' discharge to follow-up clinic. This was after the catheter care had been thoroughly explained to the patients and their relatives. RESULTS: Eight patients (seven males and one female) had ambulatory outpatient tube management. Their mean age was 44.9 ± 18years with a range of 22­70 years. Histologically confirmed causes of the effusion were; metastatic adenocarcinoma in two(25%) of the cases; chronic non-specific inflammation in another two(25%) and tuberculous empyema thoracis in three(37.5%) one of whom had TB/HIV co-infection and one(12.5%) of chronic bacterial parapneumonic empyema. One case each of metastatic adenocarcinoma and chronic nonspecific suppuration had failed chemical pleurodesis before the outpatient drainage procedure. Half of the cases (including tuberculous and non-tuberculous) were successfully weaned off their catheters. Minor complications such as pain, discomfort, minimal stoma bleeding, and peri-catheter leak were recorded. Rapid fluid re-accumulation prevented weaning in two (25%) of the cases. CONCLUSION: Out-patient chest tube drainage is effective for the management of both malignant and suppurative pleural effusion. This approach would reduce the ever increasing cost of hospital care for this group of patients. WAJM 2009; 28(6): 364­367

Sickle Cell Chronic Lung Disease among Young Adult Nigerians

BACKGROUND: Sickle cell chronic lung disease (SCLD) is often underappreciated by health care providers because its exact prevalence and methods of diagnosis have not been well studied. OBJECTIVE: To describe the pattern of SCLD among young adult Nigerians with sickle cell anaemia (SCA). METHODS: Ninety (43 males and 47 females) patients with SCA who were selected by balloting and 90 (54 males and 36 females) healthy subjects with normal adult haemoglobin were studied. Their ventilatory function test (spirometry and peak expiratory flow rates); radiological and electocardiographic parameters were obtained and analyzed for SCLD. RESULTS: Seventeen (18.9) of the patients had SCLD. Majority (94.1) of them were in stage1 disease; 5.9in stage two; and none in the more advanced stages3 and 4. The number of patients with SCLD increased with increasing age. SCLD was associated with more than five previous hospital admissions (82.4; OR=10.02; CI=4.51-22.22) and presence of symptoms suggesting previous acute chest syndrome (dyspnoea in 58.8; OR=33.33; CI=7.39-150.30; chest pain in 94.1; OR=81.33; CI= 9.83-672.85; cough in 47.1; OR=64.00; CI=7.15-572.60). CONCLUSION: SCLD may not be a rare event in Nigeria. Therefore efforts should be made to diagnose it in the early asymptomatic stage so as to offer effective intervention therapy to halt progression to the more disabling advanced stages

Radiation nephritis: anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) / Nefritis por radiación: efecto anti-inflamatorio de la dexametasona en ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus)

The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone on the irradiated kidneys of adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) was studied. Eighteen adult Wistar rats were, after acclimatization, randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals per group. The control group had normal saline, receiving neither drugs nor radiation. The second group received normal saline and radiation. The third group received pretreatment with dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days followed by radiation. Radiation was delivered to the animals as a single fraction of 2.5 Gy of gamma rays from Cobalt-60 source, using an AECL Theatron 780-C Teletherapy machine. After exposure to the different interventions, the animals were sacrificed on the 14th post-irradiation day and the kidneys dissected out from each animal. The renal tissues were subjected to histological processing, and then studied using an eyepiece objective ruler calibrated with a 2mm stage micrometer for histomorphometric studies. The result of the study showed that all irradiated animals suffered weight loss by the 14th day post-irradiation (p<0.05) irrespective of the additional treatment with dexamethasone and this was statistically significant. Histomorphometry showed that the maximum width of the glomerular capsule was significantly greater in the radiation groups than in the control at p<0.05. The maximal glomerular diameter was significantly greater in irradiated animals compared with the control animals at p<0.05. The outcome of this study showed that the intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days prior to treatment with irradiation did not prevent weight loss nor ameliorate the swelling of the nephrons resulting from the effect of radiation injury to the Wistar rat.

Fue estudiado el efecto anti-inflamatorio de la dexametasona en riñones irradiados de 18 ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus). Luego de la aclimatización, aleatoriamente se dividieron en 3 grupos de 6 animales por grupo. El grupo control recibió una solución salina normal, sin recibir drogas ni radiación. El segundo grupo recibió solución salina normal y radiación. El tercer grupo recibió tratamiento previo con dexametasona con 1 mg / kg de peso corporal / día, durante 2 días, seguido de radiación. Los animales fueron expuestos a radiación con una fracción independiente de 2.5 Gy de rayos gamma por una fuente de Cobalto-60, usando una máquina de teleterapia AECL Theatron 780-C. Después de la exposición a las diferentes intervenciones, los animales fueron sacrificados el día 14 post-irradiación y los riñones de cada uno de los animales fueron disecados. Los tejidos renales fueron sometidos a procesamiento histológico, y luego se estudiaron utilizando un objetivo ocular milimetrado calibrado a 2mm para el estudio histomorfométrico. Se demostró que todos los animales irradiados sufrieron pérdida de peso 14 días después de ésta (p <0.05), independientemente de los tratamientos adicionales con dexametasona , siendo estadísticamente significativo. La histomorfometría mostró que el ancho máximo de la cápsula glomerular fue significativamente mayor en los grupos irradiados que en el control en p <0.05. El diámetro máximo del glomérulo fue significativamente mayor en los animales irradiados en comparación con los animales control p <0.05. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la administración intraperitoneal, de 1 mg / kg de peso corporal / día durante 2 días, de dexametasona antes de comenzar el tratamiento con irradiación, no impide la pérdida de peso ni permite aliviar el edema de los nefrones, injuria producto de la radiación a las Ratas Wistar.